What is Pilonidal Disease?

Pilonidal disease is a condition where a cyst or abscess forms near the tailbone, often due to ingrown hairs. It can be embarrassing to discuss but is quite common especially in young adults and can be quite painful.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Pain and Tenderness: The area around the tailbone may become painful, especially when sitting.
• Swelling and Redness: You might notice swelling and redness in the affected area.
• Drainage: Pus or blood may drain from the cyst or abscess.
• Fever: In some cases, an infection can cause fever and chills.

Causes and Risk Factors

Pilonidal disease is often caused by ingrown hairs that create a cyst or abscess. Risk factors include:

• Sedentary Lifestyle: Sitting for long periods can increase pressure on the tailbone area.
• Excess Hair: Having a lot of hair in the area can lead to ingrown hairs.
• Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing pilonidal disease due to their genetic makeup.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain Good Hygiene: Keep the area clean and dry to prevent infection.
• Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Try to take breaks and stand up regularly if you have a desk job.
• Hair Removal: Consider hair removal methods to reduce the risk of ingrown hairs.
• Wear Loose Clothing: Avoid tight clothing that can put pressure on the tailbone area.

Treatment Options

• Home Care: Warm compresses and over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage symptoms.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is present, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the cyst or abscess.

Surgical Treatment for Pilonidal Disease

Surgery is often recommended for patients with recurrent or severe pilonidal disease. Here are some common surgical options:

1. Incision and Drainage: This is a minor procedure where the abscess is cut open to drain the pus. It provides immediate relief but does not prevent recurrence.
2. Surgical Excision: This involves the complete removal of the cyst or abscess. The affected tissue is excised, and the wound is left to heal. This method has a lower recurrence rate compared to incision and drainage.
3. Flap Reconstruction: For more complex or recurrent cases, flap reconstruction may be used. This technique involves creating a flap of skin to cover the surgical area, promoting better healing and reducing the risk of recurrence.

Living with Pilonidal Disease

Living with pilonidal disease can be challenging, but with proper care and treatment, you can manage the symptoms and prevent flare-ups. It’s important to follow your doctor’s advice and take steps to reduce your risk of recurrence.